A reciprocating servo control device for a mainshaft of a honing machine includes a bed body, a mainshaft mechanism, a driving system for hydraulic reversing and a control system, the driving system includes a mainshaft hydraulic cylinder and a mechanical-hydraulic servo valve, a valve body of the mechanical-hydraulic servo valve is connected to a piston rod of the mainshaft hydraulic cylinder via a connecting mechanism, a spool of the mechanical-hydraulic servo valve is connected to one end of a first connecting member, and the other end of the first connecting member is connected to a pilot displacement mechanism controlled by a servo driving and control system. The reciprocating servo control device adopts a mechanical position closed-loop and a hydraulic position closed-loop, to achieve numerical control of speed, position and reversing of the mainshaft hydraulic cylinder, thus a simple structure, reliable control, low price and easy adjustment can be realized.