Provided are a multi-lane-based Ethernet lane fault recovery apparatus and method capable of detecting a lane fault separately from a link fault and identifying one or more lanes where the lane fault has occurred. The lane fault recovery apparatus includes a communication unit configured to comprise a plurality of data transmission lanes, distribute data between the plurality of data transmission lanes in response to the receipt of a control command and photoelectrically convert the data; and a connection processing unit configured to detect the occurrence of a fault from the plurality of data transmission lanes, exclude one or more faulty lanes where the fault has occurred from the plurality of data transmission lanes and transmit the data via the rest of the data transmission lanes that are available for use. The connection processing unit may be further configured to transmit data via a switched backup link.