A method and system are provided for a terminal to measure channel quality and transmit channel state information to a base station in a wireless mobile communication system operating in a multi-carrier-based multiple access scheme such as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA). The feedback information transmission method of a terminal in a mobile communication system includes receiving configuration information corresponding to at least two reference signals from a base station, receiving, at the terminal, feedback configuration information for measuring the at least two reference signals and generating feedback information based on a measurement result, receiving, at the terminal, the at least two reference signals, and transmitting, by the terminal, the feedback information at timings indicated in the feedback configuration information.