EOP-based photonic devices employing coplanar electrodes and in-plane poled chromophores and methods of their manufacture. In an individual EOP-based photonic device, enhanced performance is achieved through in-plane poled chromophores having opposing polarities, enabling, for example, a push-pull optical modulator with reduced operational voltage and switching power relative to a conventional MZ modulator. For a plurality of EOP-based photonic devices, enhanced manufacturability is achieved through a sacrificial interconnect enabling concurrent in-plane poling of many EOP regions disposed on a substrate.