The present invention relates to a bioactive carbon nanotube composite functionalized with a β-sheet polypeptide block copolymer by combination self-assembly, which shows excellent water dispersion, and has biological activity so as to be used as stimulus-responsive and adaptable biomaterials or in the manufacture of CNT-based electronic biosensor devices. In addition, the bioactive carbon nanotube composite can be used as a composition for delivery of a biological active material into cells. Further, the application of the interaction between a β-sheet peptide and a carbon-based hydrophobic material is expected to be useful for designing and developing an inhibitor for diseases caused by the abnormal folding of a protein and by biomacromolecular interactions (protein-protein, protein-DNA, and protein-RNA interactions etc).