A video quality assessment method and a video quality assessment apparatus are provided. The method includes: acquiring parameter information of video data, where the parameter information includes a bit rate, a frame rate, and packet information; performing calculation according to the bit rate or the frame rate to obtain benchmark video quality of the video data; calculating the number of successively lost packets according to the packet information, and calculating the number of effective packet loss times; performing calculation according to the number of effective packet loss times to obtain video packet loss and distortion quality of the video data; and performing calculation according to the benchmark video quality and the video packet loss and distortion quality to obtain final video quality. Using the number of effective packet loss times can accurately assess videos more effectively and reduce algorithm complexity.