Embodiments of a gas turbine engine actuation system are provided, as are embodiments of a high temperature actuator and methods for the manufacture thereof. In one embodiment, the gas turbine engine actuation system includes an actuated gas turbine engine component and a high temperature actuator, which has a rotor mechanically linked to the actuated gas turbine engine component and a stator surrounding at least a portion of the rotor. The stator includes, in turn, a coil support structure having a plurality of spokes extending radially therefrom. A plurality of pre-formed electromagnetic coils is circumferentially distributed about the coil support structure. Each of the plurality of pre-formed electromagnetic coils is inserted over at least one of the plurality of spokes in a radial direction. The stator further includes an inorganic dielectric material in which each of the plurality of pre-formed electromagnetic coils is at least partially embedded.