The present invention relates to an apparatus and method that analyze the problems of abnormal states in a component-based system in which embedded systems including an autonomous control function are operated. In the method, an apparatus for analyzing abnormal states of a component-based system models, interaction between components, and creates an interaction model. An incoming/outgoing message table corresponding to the interaction model is generated. A state table to be used to identify state changes between the components and an analysis table to be used to analyze other components associated with one component are generated based on the incoming/outgoing message table. A knowledge template of a target system is generated based on the state table and analysis table. Each component is monitored by applying constraint conditions of the component to the knowledge template of the target system, and states of the component are detected based on results of monitoring.