A linear motor includes a stator and an armature that faces the stator with a gap therebetween. The stator has an elongated shape extending so as to cross a direction in which the stator faces the armature, and includes a plurality of salient poles that are arranged along a longitudinal direction of the stator and protrude toward the armature. The armature includes an armature core including a tooth that protrudes toward the stator, an armature winding wound around the tooth, a plurality of permanent magnets disposed on an end side of the tooth so as to be arranged along the longitudinal direction of the stator, and a magnetic-field sensor that detects a magnetic field which is generated by the plurality of permanent magnets and which passes through the plurality of salient poles.