An embodiment of the present invention provides a Raman spectroscopic detection method for detecting a sample in a vessel, comprising the steps of: (a) measuring a Raman spectrum of the vessel to obtain a first Raman spectroscopic signal; (b) measuring a Raman spectrum of the sample through the vessel to obtain a second Raman spectroscopic signal; (c) removing an interference caused by the Raman spectrum of the vessel from the second Raman spectroscopic signal on basis of the first Raman spectroscopic signal to obtain a third Raman spectroscopic signal of the sample itself; and (d) identifying the sample on basis of the third Raman spectroscopic signal. By means of the above method, the Raman spectrum of the sample in the vessel may be detected correctly so as to identify the sample to be detected efficiently.