The invention relates to method and apparatus for lining the cathode of the electrolytic cell. The method comprises filling the cell's shell with powder material, leveling it with a rack, covering the fill material with a dust-proof film, and compaction. Compaction is performed in two stages: preliminary static and final dynamic treatment by consequent movement of static and dynamic work tools of compaction along the longitudinal axis of the cathode of the electrolytic cell through a cushion, which is made of at least 2 layers: a lower layer, which prevents pushing powder material forward in the direction of travel, and an upper layer, which provides for a coupling between the cushion and the static work tool. Static treatment unit of the apparatus is designed in the form of a roller with a drive, is connected to a dynamic treatment unit with a vibratory exciter by means of elastic elements, providing for a simultaneous movement relative to both the horizontal and vertical axes of the roller. The invention helps slow down the rate of penetration of molten fluoride salts into the cathode thermal insulation and increase the operating life of the cell.