The present invention provides a curvature adjustment structure of a curved liquid crystal display device, which includes: a backplane (1) and at least one bracing assembly (3) fixedly mounted to the backplane (1). Each bracing assembly (3) includes a first bracing member (31) in contact engagement with the backplane (1), a second bracing member (33) opposite to the first bracing member (31) and distant from the backplane (1), and a cooling chip array (35) arranged between the first and second bracing members (31, 33). The cooling chip array (35) includes a plurality of cooling chips (2). Each of the cooling chips (2) includes a heat absorption surface (22) and an opposite heat dissipation surface (24). The heat absorption surface (22) and the heat dissipation surface (24) of each of the cooling chips (2) are respectively in engagement with the first and second bracing members (31, 33), whereby through energizing the cooling chip array (35), the first and second bracing members (31, 33) are respectively caused to undergo thermal expansion and contraction to achieve curving and deformation of the bracing assembly (3) so as to forcibly change the curvature of the backplane (1).