The disclosure provides a method, device and system for acquiring a playback data stream of real-time video communication. The method includes: recoding, with an interval and one or more key frames, a video code stream in an audio-video code stream which is currently outputted in real time by a real-time video communication terminal in a real-time video communication process; and storing the recoded audio-video code stream in a storage device of the real-time video communication terminal. Through the technical solutions provided by the disclosure, network resources can be saved and the cost can be lowered.