An organic light-emitting device comprising an anode (103); a cathode (111); a light-emitting layer (109) comprising a first light-emitting material between the anode and the cathode; a first hole-transporting layer (105) comprising a first hole-transporting material between the anode and the light-emitting layer; and a second hole-transporting layer (107) comprising a second hole-transporting material between the first hole-transporting layer and the light-emitting layer, wherein a HOMO level of the first light-emitting material is closer to vacuum than a HOMO level of at least one of the first and second hole-transporting materials.