Disclosed are lignin microcapsules including lignin as a shell material and at least one of oil and a carbonaceous material as a core material. The lignin microcapsules may be formed by carried out polymerization in an oil-in-water emulsion including lignin, oil and water and further including a carbonaceous material. Since lignin has a phenol structure, the microcapsules including lignin may be formed to have antibacterial property. Thus, the lignin microcapsules may be used widely in various fields, such as additives for composite materials.