A rotation state detection device is applied to an operation device having a rotating body that rotates in response to an input of an operation force, and a supporting body that supports the rotating body rotatably. The rotation state detection device includes: a first electrode arranged at the rotating body; and a second electrode arranged at the supporting body and generating a capacitance with the first electrode. The first electrode and the second electrode are arranged to vary the capacitance periodically each time the rotating body rotates by a predetermined angle and make a shape of a capacitance waveform representing a change in the capacitance to be different. A rotational angle of the rotating body is calculated based on the number of periodic times the capacitance varies, and a rotational direction of the rotating body is determined based on the shape of the capacitance waveform.