Embodiments of the present invention disclose a method and a device for configuring a data transmission resource and relate to the communications field. The solution includes: configuring, by a network device, a first transmission resource and a second transmission resource for UE, and configuring, for the UE, a resource of a PUCCH corresponding to a physical downlink control channel in the second transmission resource; and receiving a PUCCH sent by the user equipment, and when the received PUCCH carries negative acknowledgement information, retransmitting, by using a PDSCH of the first transmission resource, the data carried in the PDSCH of the second transmission resource, and indicating, by using signaling of a physical downlink control channel of the first transmission resource, to the UE that the data transmitted by the PDSCH of the first transmission resource is retransmitted data carried in the PDSCH of the second transmission resource.