An organic EL element includes: a light-reflective anode; light-emitting layer above the anode; functional layer on the light-emitting layer; and light-transmissive cathode on the functional layer and including metal layer. The functional layer includes: fluorine compound layer including fluorine compound including first metal being alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal; and an electron transport layer on the fluorine compound layer and having electron transport property. The electron transport layer includes organic material having electron transport property, and is doped with second metal being alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal and has property of cleaving bond between the first metal and fluorine in the compound. The electron transport layer has first and second regions, the first region contacts the fluorine compound layer, and the second region is closer to the cathode than the first region is, and the first region has concentration of the second metal higher than the second region has.