Line Replaceable Unit (LRU) health nodes are provided, as are methods for determining maintenance actions with respect to LRU health nodes. In one embodiment, the LRU health node includes a passive Radio Frequency identification (RFID) module having an RFID memory and an RFID antenna coupled thereto. The LRU health node further includes a mass storage memory, a sensor configured to monitor an operational parameter of an LRU and generate a corresponding output signal, and a health node controller operably coupled to the passive RFID module, to the mass storage memory, and to the sensor. The health node controller is configured to: (i) record the output signal generated by the sensor in the mass storage memory as time-phased sensor data, (ii) derive health summary data from the time-phased sensor data, and (iii) store the health summary data in the RFID memory.