An automatic rubbing roller storage system includes a roller storing device, a roller transport track, a roller transport platform and a positioning device; the roller storing device includes a rotatable roller storing portion, the roller storing portion has one end provided with a first damper and the other end provided with a second damper, and the roller is held therebetween; the roller transport platform includes a sliding base and a roller placement platform; a transmission device is disposed between the roller transport track and the sliding base. The automatic rubbing roller storage system can achieve automatic roller pick-and-place operation, improve the efficiency, save a large number of human labors and reduce the production and maintenance cost. An automatic rubbing roller pick-and-place method is also provided.