Embodiments of the present invention relate to the field of optical fiber communications, and disclose an optical network switching device, which can reduce complexity of switching transmission of an optical signal in a high dimension. The device includes: at least one filter, an M×N optical switch, and at least one combiner, where the filter includes one input port and at least one branch output port, where the branch output port of the filter is connected to an input port of the M×N optical switch; and the combiner includes one output port and at least one branch input port, where the branch input port of the combiner is connected to an output port of the M×N optical switch. The embodiments of the present invention are applied to switching processing of an optical signal.