This organic electroluminescent element includes: a light transmissive substrate; a light emitting stack including a first electrode, a light emitting layer, and a second electrode; and at least one light-outcoupling structure which has an uneven structure. The light emitting layer has a birefringence property with a higher refractive index in a direction parallel to a surface of the light transmissive substrate than a refractive index in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the light transmissive substrate. The uneven structure includes a plurality of protrusions which are individually allocated to some of planar matrix-like sections, and with regard to unit regions consisting of same number of sections of the planar matrix-like sections, a ratio of an area of one or more of the plurality of protrusions in a unit region is substantially constant in each unit region.