The present invention provides a measurement system of real-time spatially-resolved spectrum and time-resolved spectrum and a measurement module thereof. The measurement system includes an excitation light and a measurement module. The excitation light excites a fluorescent sample and the measurement module receives and analyzes fluorescence emitted by the fluorescent sample. The measurement module includes a single-photon linear scanner and a linear CCD spectrometer. The single-photon linear scanner selectively intercepts a light beam component of a multi-wavelength light beam that has a predetermined wavelength to generate a single-wavelength time-resolved signal, wherein the multi-wavelength light beam is generated by splitting the fluorescence. The linear CCD spectrometer receives the multi-wavelength light beam and generates a spatially-resolved full-spectrum fluorescence signal. With the implementation of the present invention, the spatially-resolved full-spectrum fluorescence signal and the single-wavelength time-resolved signal can be observed at the same time. Thus, the facility of a fluorescence spectrometer is improved.