A computer-implemented technique is described herein that receives captured stroke information when a user enters a handwritten note using an input capture device. The technique then performs analysis on the stroke information to produce output analysis information. Based on the output analysis information, the technique then retrieves at least one supplemental information item that is associated with the captured stroke information. The technique then displays the supplemental information item on a canvas display device, together with the original captured stroke information. In effect, the supplemental information item annotates the captured stroke information with meaningful additional information that enhances the value of the captured stroke information.