A panel image that may be displayed in a display apparatus to display a 3D image that includes reduced differences with a source image may be generated based on generating a predicted 3D image based on a panel image, comparing the predicted 3D image to the source image, and adjusting the panel image to reduce differences between the predicted 3D image and the source image. Such a process may be performed iteratively. The predicted 3D image may be generated based on applying a convolution kernel to the panel image in a convolution operation. The convolution kernel may be based on a first function and a second function. The first function may be associated with a brightness distribution of one or more visual fields of the panel image. The second function may be associated with a Gaussian distribution of brightness of a panel image pixel.