Disclosed systems and methods relate to remote sensing, deep learning, and object detection. Some embodiments relate to machine learning for object detection, which includes, for example, identifying a class of pixel in a target image and generating a label image based on a parameter set. Other embodiments relate to machine learning for geometry extraction, which includes, for example, determining heights of one or more regions in a target image and determining a geometric object property in a target image. Yet other embodiments relate to machine learning for alignment, which includes, for example, aligning images via direct or indirect estimation of transformation parameters.