A data processing method and device are presented, where the method includes obtaining target perception data, where the target perception data is any type of the following data, such as image data, video data, or voice data, determining a target scenario to which the target perception data belongs, determining a target perception model corresponding to the target scenario, and computing a recognition result of the target perception data according to the target perception model. Therefore, according to the data processing method and device in the embodiments of the present disclosure, a scenario to which perception data belongs is determined, and a recognition result of the perception data is obtained through computation using a perception model corresponding to the scenario, which can reduce computation complexity and therefore can improve data processing efficiency.