A method for detecting an air flow distribution in a blast furnace, taking into account a heat exchange between an air flow and a solid material bed and the effect of a distribution of a material layer structure in a radial direction of a blast furnace on the radial air permeability of blast furnace, which affects a mode of air flow distribution, wherein the distribution of the air flow and the radial material layer structure of the blast furnace can be calculated by combining a cross-shaped temperature-measuring gun and other main blast furnace operating parameters. According to the detection method, a blast furnace operator can timely and accurately infer, from a change in a current radial air flow temperature distribution, the direction of change of the distribution of the air flow and the radial material layer structure at a furnace throat portion.