This invention relates to a method of evaluating the identity of polymers and a system using the same, and more particularly to a novel method of evaluating the identity of polymers, wherein the identity of multiple polymers, rather than just one polymer, can be determined using only information about structures of the polymers, without the need to determine the characteristics of synthesized polymers through real-world experimentation. In order to evaluate the identity of polymers, the identity index PohoFactor(Xi) for each of target polymers is developed and used, and the identity of polymers can be accurately determined on a quantitative basis by evaluating correlations between the identity indices for all polymers, the identity of which is to be determined.