A frequency allocation method includes receiving, by a control device, a frequency allocation message using a dedicated channel, wherein the frequency allocation message carries a node identifier and a received signal strength information for a frequency, and determining, according to the frequency allocation message, a station needing frequency allocation, and obtaining node information of each station in a network. The method further includes computing, according to the received signal strength information for the frequency of the station needing frequency allocation and further according to the node information of each station, an optimum working frequency of the station needing frequency allocation, and allocating the optimum working frequency to the station needing frequency allocation.