The present invention provides a method for producing an antibody against podocalyxin expressed specifically in cancer cells. The method includes a step of introducing a nucleic acid encoding all or a portion of podocalyxin into cells expressing a cancer cell-specific sugar chain structure to cause cancer cell-specific podocalyxin or a portion thereof to be expressed therein, a step of immunizing a non-human mammal with the cancer cell-specific podocalyxin or portion thereof to obtain antibodies, and a step of purifying the antibodies by primary screening using purified cancer cell-specific podocalyxin or a portion thereof.