A method of the present invention comprises: manufacturing a two-dimensional or three-dimensional real image using a projection operation and back projection method, and also comprises: completing two-dimensional display, three-dimensional display, two-dimensional printing and three-dimensional printing using the real image. The present invention belongs to the field of flat-panel display, the field of 3D stereographic display, the technical field of printing, the field of rapid prototyping, the field of additive manufacturing, and the field of 3D printing. The method is similar to a projection data collection and back projection reconstruction method in the computed tomography (CT) technology. The achievement of the computed tomography (CT) technology is the projection data collection of real objects and reconstruction of digitized tomographic images, so as to convert the real objects into virtual data. Projection data collection is replaced with projection operation, the digitized back projection reconstruction method is replaced with the real back projection method, so as to convert virtual data into real objects or real images. The adopted projection rays comprise light, electromagnetic waves, high-energy rays, particle flows, sound waves, shock waves, currents or chemical waves.