A thermal simulation system adapted to establish a test environment for a thermal test is provided. The thermal simulation system includes a communication element, a controllable loading element, a plurality of connectors, and a controller. The communication element is configured to receive at least one of a heating control signal, a fan control signal, and a loading control signal from an external electronic device. The controllable loading element is configured to provide a loading. The connectors are configured to connect a heating element and a fan. The controller is configured to control a heat energy generated by the heating element according to the heating control signal, control a fan speed of the fan according to the fan control signal, and control a loading value of the loading provided by the controllable loading element according to the loading control signal.