Provided is a video decoding method including obtaining, from a bitstream, upsampling phase set information indicating whether a phase of samples comprised in a current layer is adjusted; when the phase is adjusted according to the upsampling phase set information, obtaining a luma vertical phase difference, a luma horizontal phase difference, a chroma vertical phase difference, and a chroma horizontal phase difference from the bitstream; and determining a prediction picture of the current layer by upsampling a reference layer based on the luma vertical phase difference, the luma horizontal phase difference, the chroma vertical phase difference, and the chroma horizontal phase difference, wherein a phase of luma samples comprised in the prediction picture is adjusted according to the luma vertical phase difference and the luma horizontal phase difference, a phase of chroma samples comprised in the prediction picture is adjusted according to the chroma vertical phase difference and the chroma horizontal phase difference, and the luma vertical phase difference and the chroma vertical phase difference are determined according to a scanning scheme with respect to the reference layer.