A 3D display device and a method of driving the same are disclosed in the present disclosure. An electroluminescence display panel instead of a conventional backlight module is adopted to be arranged behind the liquid crystal display panel. In the 3D display mode, light emitting areas and black areas alternately arranged in both the row direction and the column direction are formed in the electroluminescent display panel, so that an abnormal grating structure is formed. In the 3D display mode, the first sub-pixels corresponding to the same light emitting area are controlled to display different gray level information so that the left and right eyes of a person located at two viewpoints receive an image of different gray level information. Therefore, stereoscopic vision is created and a naked-eye 3D display at the sub-pixel level is achieved.