An aerial cable treatment system having a cable surface preparation assembly and a coating assembly. The cable treatment system is translatable along an in-situ aerial cable. The cable surface preparation assembly can remove dirt and debris, such as carbon deposit, grease, mud, fertilizers, bird droppings, fungal growth, mosses, soot, ice, and like from aerial cables with varying sizes as it translates along the cable. The coating assembly can apply a coating to the outer surface of the in-situ aerial cable it translates along the cable.