The present application is suitable for the field of instrument, and provides an instrument knob backlight structure and an instrument, wherein the instrument knob backlight structure comprises a housing, a knob provided outside the housing, a index dial provided on the periphery of the knob, and a backlight module mounted inside the housing and provided adjacent to the index dial, wherein the backlight module comprises a light source component, a light-transmittable element and a light guide provided between the light source component and the light-transmittable element, and the index dial is provided on the outer surface of the light-transmittable element facing outward of the housing. The present application emits light through the light source component and conducts and irradiates the light ray emitted by the light source component to the light-transmittable element through the light guide, so that the light ray can pass through the light-transmittable element to generate a uniform backlight at the index dial. In this way, operators can clearly see the identification character on the index dial and the directing position of the knob in a dark environment, so that operators can still use the instrument in a dark environment and it is beneficial to improving the aesthetic appearance of the instrument.