Methods and systems for vehicle localization are disclosed. An exemplary system includes a navigation system configured to generate navigation data corresponding to a global position of the vehicle, at least one image sensor configured to capture image data of a selected roadway feature along a projected path of the vehicle, a database comprising map data corresponding to lateral and longitudinal coordinates for a plurality of roadway features along the projected path of the vehicle; and a controller, the controller configured to receive the image data, the map data, and the navigation data, calculate a first distance from the selected feature to the vehicle using the navigation data and the image data, calculate a second distance from the selected feature to the vehicle using the navigation data and the map data, and determine a localization error by comparing the first distance to the second distance.