A video service transmission method and apparatus in the field of communications technologies are provided, where data in a video data frame can be split into at least two substreams based on a mapping relationship between data importance and a substream. The data of the at least two substreams may then be mapped, based on port numbers corresponding to the at least two substreams, to bearers corresponding to the at least two substreams, for transmission. Because a network can use different processing methods for data on different bearers, reliable transmission of video data frames of high importance can be ensured with priority by using the video service transmission method and apparatus, so as to improve service experience of video users in a scenario of constrained transmission resources.