A method for transmitting a phase noise compensation reference signal, a transmission device and a reception device are provided. The method includes: determining one or more configurations from N configurations for a transmission resource of the phase noise compensation reference signal; and transmitting the phase noise compensation reference signal according to the one or more configurations. The N configurations have different time-domain densities or different frequency-domain densities, or a plurality of configurations of the N configurations has a same time-domain density and a same frequency-domain density, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 2.