A case hardening steel suitable as raw material for producing a mechanical structural part having high rotating bending fatigue strength and pitting fatigue strength at relatively low cost and a method of producing the case hardening steel are provided. A case hardening steel comprises a chemical composition containing, in mass %, C, Si, Mn, P, S, Cr, Mo, Al, N, and O in a predetermined relationship, with a balance being Fe and inevitable impurities, wherein √I≤80 (where I denotes an area (μm2) of an oxide-based inclusion located in a fish eye central portion at a fracture surface after subjecting the case hardening steel to carburizing-quenching and tempering and then performing a rotating bending fatigue test).