The present invention discloses a superpixel classification method based on semi-supervised K-SVD and multiscale sparse representation. The method includes carrying out semi-supervised K-SVD dictionary learning on the training samples of a hyperspectral image; using the training samples and the overcomplete dictionary as the input to obtain the multiscale sparse solution of superpixels; and using the obtained sparse representation coefficient matrix and overcomplete dictionary to obtain the result of superpixel classification by residual method and superpixel voting mechanism. The proposing of the present invention is of great significance to solving the problem of salt and pepper noise and the problem of high dimension and small samples in the field of hyperspectral image classification, as well as the problem of how to effectively use space information in classification algorithm based on sparse representation.