A method of manufacturing a nanobeam structure by printing, namely coaxial focused electrohydrodynamic jet printing. In this method, under the combined action of electric field, thermal field and flow field, a stable coaxial jet is formed and used to print linear bilayer encapsulated structure on a substrate with a prefabricated support structure. Within the coaxial jet, the nanoscale inner liquid consisting of functional material is encapsulated by the microscale outer liquid consisting of high viscous material, which has the capability to directly print functional nanobeam structures. This high viscous material eliminates the disturbance of external micro-environment, and plays a role of supporting the printed inner structure before complete solidification of the inner material. A nanobeam structure only consisting of inner function material is formed on the substrate when the outer high viscous encapsulated material is removed.