The present invention relates to a corrosion-induced shape memory fiber, a preparation method and application thereof. The corrosion-induced shape memory fiber is composed of a core fiber and/or a core fiber with a corrosion-resistant coating, and a corrodible coating; the core fiber and/or the core fiber with the corrosion-resistant coating are in a tensile stress state along the length of the corrosion-induced shape memory fiber; the corrodible coating is in a compressive stress state along the length of the corrosion-induced shape memory fiber; the core fiber and/or the core fiber with the corrosion-resistant coating and the corrodible coating are in a tensile-compressive equilibrium state along the length of the corrosion-induced shape memory fiber; and the corrodible coating is coated outside the core fiber and/or the core fiber with the corrosion-resistant coating.