The use of xibornol as an active agent in the treatment of Acne vulgaris is disclosed, said xibornol having shown a remarkable bacteriostatic and bactericidal action on the bacterium mainly responsible of the onset and worsening of Acne vulgaris, i.e. the bacterium Propionibacterium acnes. Pharmaceutical or cosmetic compositions comprising xibornol and suitable pharmaceutically or cosmetically acceptable excipients, for use in the treatment of Acne vulgaris are also disclosed.