Disclosed herein are a method and apparatus for randomizing the address space layout of an embedded system based on hardware. The method is configured such that the hardware loader of the embedded system randomly arranges the respective address regions of multiple peripheral devices and memory using a random number each time a program is loaded, such that the respective random start addresses of the multiple peripheral devices and the memory, which are set based on the randomly arranged address regions, are recorded in an address table, and such that program code loaded into the memory is reengineered based on the address table so as to match the randomly arranged address regions.