An exemplary surgical system is configured to 1) access a plurality of surgical site scenes captured entirely outside a structure within a patient, each surgical site scene in the plurality of surgical site scenes being captured from reflected light of a different waveband of a plurality of wavebands, each waveband of the plurality of wavebands being reflected by structure tissue of the structure and non-structure tissue outside the structure; 2) detect a difference between spectral reflectances of each of the surgical site scenes in the captured surgical site scenes, and 3) identify, based on the detected difference between the spectral reflectances of each of the surgical site scenes in the captured surgical site scenes, pixels in the captured surgical site scenes that correspond to the structure tissue and pixels in the captured surgical site scenes that correspond to the non-structure tissue outside the structure.