The present invention relates to a process for preparing a rodlike magnetic ferroferric oxide (Fe3O4) material and use thereof. The preparation includes the following steps: step 1: magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticle preparation; and step 2: self-assembly of magnetic Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles into a rodlike magnetic material. When in use, the rodlike magnetic Fe3O4 material prepared by the process according to claim 1 is used in micro- and nano-motors, which can implement rotation and deflection in an external magnetic field. The present invention provides a process for preparing a rodlike magnetic Fe3O4 material. The rodlike magnetic ferroferric oxide material prepared by the process is suitable for mass production on an industrial scale, featuring identifiable direction of the magnetic moment, strong magnetism, good magnetic response, simple process, and low cost.