Embodiments are associated with a speaker-independent acoustic model capable of classifying senones based on input speech frames and on first parameters of the speaker-independent acoustic model, a speaker-dependent acoustic model capable of classifying senones based on input speech frames and on second parameters of the speaker-dependent acoustic model, and a discriminator capable of receiving data from the speaker-dependent acoustic model and data from the speaker-independent acoustic model and outputting a prediction of whether received data was generated by the speaker-dependent acoustic model based on third parameters. The second parameters are initialized based on the first parameters, the second parameters are trained based on input frames of a target speaker to minimize a senone classification loss associated with the second parameters, a portion of the second parameters are trained based on the input frames of the target speaker to maximize a discrimination loss associated with the discriminator, and the third parameters are trained based on the input frames of the target speaker to minimize the discrimination loss.