A method for identifying a medium structure coupling and a fracture network morphology of a shale gas reservoir includes the following steps. Firstly, performing a fracturing test on shale cores by using a modified Brazilian disc test and categorizing the fracture network morphology. Secondly, performing a shale matrix-fracture structure and stress sensitivity test on the shale cores having different fracture network morphology. After that, determining a stress sensitivity constant of different fracture network morphology according to indoor core data and finally preparing an identification chart of the fracture network morphology based on an indoor core stress sensitivity text combined with a production practice. The identification chart can be applied to an actual fracturing well, and the fracture network morphology is directly identified by a real-time effective stress and a normalized flow.